A Classroom Intervention of Enhancing Namibian Preservice Science Teachers’ Conceptual Understanding of Properties of Waves Through Mnemonics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33830/ijrse.v7i1.1716Keywords:
Preservice teachers, Conceptual understanding, Physics, Mnemonics, Classroom interventionAbstract
This quantitative classroom intervention study investigates the effectiveness of using mnemonics to enhance conceptual understanding of the topic of proprieties of waves in physics among preservice teachers. The sample comprises 30 final year Natural Science & Health Education undergraduate students at a university in Namibia. The research aims to assess the impact of a targeted mnemonic intervention in grasping physics concepts. Participants’ initial conceptual understanding of the concepts in the topic of proprieties of waves in physics is evaluated through pre-intervention assessments. Subsequently, a carefully designed mnemonic-based instructional intervention is implemented over a defined period. Post-intervention assessments measure the effectiveness of the intervention, comparing the participants’ conceptual understanding before and after the mnemonic-based teaching. Potential findings revealed significant improvements in the participants’ conceptual understanding of the concepts in the topic of properties of waves following the intervention. The study also explores the participants’ feedback on the use of mnemonics, providing insights into their perceptions of its effectiveness as a pedagogical tool. This research contributes to the broader field of science education by offering evidence-based strategies to enhance the preparation of preservice teachers, particularly in the challenging domain of physics, ultimately fostering more effective and engaging teaching practices in the future.
References
Akhter, N., Nawshin, N., & Khatun, M. (2021). Mnemonic Techniques: Characteristics, Educational Suitability and Research Prospects in the Field of Anatomy. Mymensingh Med J, 30(4).
Akpan, J., Notar, C. E., & Beard, L. (2021). The impact of mnemonics as instructional tool. Journal of Education and Human Development, 10(3), 20-28.
Akuma, F. V., & Callaghan, R. (2019). Teaching practices linked to the implementation of inquiry-based practical work in certain science classrooms. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 56(1), 64-90.
Al-Maqbali, F., Ambusaidi, A., Shahat, M., & Al Kharusi, H. (2022). The Effect Of Teaching Science Based On Mnemonics In Reducing The Sixth-Grade Female Students' Cognitive Load According To Their Imagery Style. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(7), 2069-2084.
Amin, U., Nascimento, F. A., Karakis, I., Schomer, D., & Benbadis, S. R. (2023). Normal variants and artifacts: importance in EEG interpretation. Epileptic Disorders, 25(5), 591-648.
Anderson, N. D. (2019). State of the science on mild cognitive impairment (MCI). CNS spectrums, 24(1), 78-87.
Argudo, D., & Oh, T. (2022). A new framework to study the wave motion of flexible strings in the undergraduate classroom using linear elastic theory. European Journal of Physics Education, 13(2), 10-29.
Auliya, U. H. (2023). The Use of Mnemonic Technique in Increasing Students' English Vocabulary Mastery at the Tenth Grade Students of SMKS Muhammadiyah Marawol, Datokarama State Islamic University, Palu].
Baddeley, A. (2020). Working memory. In Memory (pp. 71-111). Routledge.
Barile, C., Casavola, C., Pappalettera, G., & Paramsamy Kannan, V. (2023). Propagation of Sound Waves. In Sound Waves and Acoustic Emission (pp. 9-33). Springer.
Bein, O., Plotkin, N. A., & Davachi, L. (2021). Mnemonic prediction errors promote detailed memories. Learning & Memory, 28(11), 422-434.
Bennett, C. A. (2022). Principles of physical optics. John Wiley & Sons.
Berki, B. (2019). Does effective use of MaxWhere VR relate to the individual's spatial memory and mental rotation skills? Acta Polytechnica Hungary, 16(6), 41-53.
Branaghan, R. J., O-Brian, J. S., Hildebrand, E. A., Foster, L. B., Branaghan, R. J., O-Brian, J. S., Hildebrand, E. A., & Foster, L. B. (2021). Visual Perception. Humanizing Healthcare–Human Factors for Medical Device Design, 97-134.
Braun, V., Blackmore, J., Cleveland, R. O., & Butler, C. R. (2020). Transcranial ultrasound stimulation in humans is associated with an auditory confound that can be effectively masked. Brain stimulation, 13(6), 1527-1534.
Bravou, V., & Drigas, A. (2019). A contemporary view on online and web tools for students with sensory & learning disabilities.
Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., Bywaters, D., & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of research in Nursing, 25(8), 652-661.
Caplan, J. B., Legge, E. L., Cheng, B., & Madan, C. R. (2019). The effectiveness of the method of loci is only minimally related to factors that should influence imagined navigation. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72(10), 2541-2553.
Casparian, A. S., & Sirokman, G. (2016). Applied Chemistry for Environmental Engineering. Momentum Press.
Cheriti, A., Bousdira, N., & Bounar, F. (2023). Investigating EFL Teachers' Perspectives on the Use of Mnemonics in Teaching Phrasal Verbs The Case of EFL Teachers at Mohammed Seddik Ben Yahia
Cioca, L.-I., & Nerisanu, R. A. (2020). Enhancing creativity: Using visual mnemonic devices in the teaching process in order to develop creativity in students. Sustainability, 12(5), 1985.
Colak, K., & Aydin, R. I. (2022). The effect of using mnemonics on success in social studies. The Journal of Educational Research, 115(3), 223-233.
Cowan, E. T., Schapiro, A. C., Dunsmoor, J. E., & Murty, V. P. (2021). Memory consolidation as an adaptive process. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1-15.
Cowan, N., Morey, C. C., & Naveh-Benjamin, M. (2020). An embedded-process approach to working memory. Working Memory: The state of the science, 44.
Dave, A. (2020). Does It Function? Adapting visual mnemonics and self-regulated strategy instruction to teach argumentative writing. IAAR Journal of Education-ISSN: 2583-6846 Peer-Reviewed Journal, 2(1), 175-233.
Devkota, G. (2019). THE PSYCHOACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF SOUND: AN INTRODUCTION. Indian Journal of Scientific Research, 10(1), 215-221.
Diaz-Orueta, U., Rogers, B. M., Blanco-Campal, A., & Burke, T. (2022). The challenges of neuropsychological assessment of visual/visuo-spatial memory: A critical, historical review, and lessons for the present and future. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 962025.
DIF, K. (2022). The effect of scaffolding technique to develop EFL students' reading comprehension of short stories KASDI MERBAH OUARGLA UNIVERSITY].
Drigas, A., Mitsea, E., & Skianis, C. (2022). Metamemory: Metacognitive Strategies for Improved Memory Operations and the Role of VR and Mobiles. Behavioral Sciences, 12(11), 450.
Drigas, A., Mitsea, E., & Skianis, C. (2022). Metamemory: Metacognitive Strategies for Improved Memory Operations and the Role of VR and Mobiles. Behavioral Sciences, 12(11), 450.
Drushlyak, M., Semenikhina, O. V., Proshkin, V. V., & Sapozhnykov, S. V. (2021). Training pre-service mathematics teachers to use mnemonic techniques. Journal of Physics: Conference Series,
Elsisi, E. (2023). AFL Students' Perception of Using Mnemonics as a Strategy to Enhance their Vocabulary Acquisition and Retention.
Farrokh, P., Vaezi, H., & Ghadimi, H. (2021). Visual Mnemonic Technique: An Effective Learning Strategy. GIST–Education and Learning Research Journal, 23, 7-32.
Fitzgerald, M., Danaia, L., & McKinnon, D. H. (2019). Barriers inhibiting inquiry-based science teaching and potential solutions: Perceptions of positively inclined early adopters. Research in science education, 49, 543-566.
Fuller, M. C., Ura, S. K., & Vannest, K. J. (2020). Improving cooperation skills through a mnemonic for self-monitoring. Intervention in Schools and Clinics, 55(5), 294-300.
Garnham, W. A., & Gowers, I. R. (2023). Active Learning in Higher Education: Theoretical Considerations and Perspectives. Taylor & Francis.
Gockel, H. E., Moore, B. C., & Carlyon, R. P. (2020). Pitch perception at very high frequencies: On psychometric functions and integration of frequency information. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 148(5), 3322-3333.
Greve, A., Cooper, E., Tibon, R., & Henson, R. N. (2019). Knowledge is power: Prior knowledge aids memory for both congruent and incongruent events, but in different ways. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148(2), 325.
Harris, C. (2022). Active learning. In Learning to Teach in the Secondary School (pp. 309-326). Routledge.
Hartman, J. R., & Nelson, E. A. (2021). A paradigm shift: the implications of working memory limits for physics and chemistry instruction. arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.00454.
Hill, A. C. (2022). The Effectiveness of Mnemonic Devices for ESL Vocabulary Retention. English Language Teaching, 15(4), 6-15.
Howell, R. A. (2021). Engaging students in education for sustainable development: The benefits of active learning, reflective practices and flipped classroom pedagogies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 325, 129318.
Iliaki, G., Velentzas, A., Michailidi, E., & Stavrou, D. (2019). Exploring the music: a teaching-learning sequence about sound in authentic settings. Research in Science & Technological Education, 37(2), 218-238.
Islam, N. (2019). Learning styles: Diverse avenues for learning. International Journal of Research in Engineering, IT and Social Sciences, 9(01), 73-85.
Jaiswal, P. (2019). Using a learner-centered instructional approach to foster students' performance. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 9(9), 1074-1080.
Jesionkowska, J., Wild, F., & Deval, Y. (2020). Active learning augmented reality for STEAM education—A case study. Education Sciences, 10(8), 198.
Johnson, R., Ginsberg, S., & Wilks-Smith, N. (2020). Enhancing memory for learning: Teachers' journeys of implementing memory strategies in their classrooms. Scan: The Journal for Educators, 39(1), 2-14.
Jones, W. E., Benge, J. F., & Scullin, M. K. (2021). Preserving prospective memory in daily life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of mnemonic strategies, cognitive training, external memory aids, and combination interventions. Neuropsychology, 35(1), 123.
Kilic, F., & Yolbulan Okan, E. (2021). Storytelling and narrative tools in award-winning advertisements in Turkey: an interdisciplinary approach. Journal of Marketing Communications, 27(8), 881-896.
Klepsch, M., & Seufert, T. (2020). Understanding instructional design effects by differentiated measurement of intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load. Instructional Science, 48(1), 45-77.
Kluger, F. E., Oladimeji, D. M., Tan, Y., Brown, N. R., & Caplan, J. B. (2022). Mnemonic scaffolds vary in effectiveness for serial recall. Memory, 30(7), 869-894.
Kurniarahman, I. (2023). Mnemonics and Their Effect on Students' Vocabulary Memorization and Recall: A Quantitative Study. BATARA DIDI: English Language Journal, 2(1), 10-24.
Lass, N. J., & Donai, J. J. (2021). Hearing science fundamentals. Plural Publishing.
Liao, Y.-H., Kung, W.-C., & Chen, H.-C. (2019). Testing the effectiveness of creative map mnemonic strategies in a geography class. Instructional Science, 47, 589-608.
Lombardi, D., Shipley, T. F., Astronomy Team, B. T., Chemistry Team, Engineering Team, Geography Team, Geoscience Team,, & Team, P. (2021). The curious construct of active learning. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 22(1), 8-43.
Macau, P. M. (2020). Appropriateness Of Mnemonic Techniques on Learning Outcomes in Public Primary Schools in Machakos Sub-County, Kenya Machakos University Press].
Mari Acevedo, J., Yelvington, K., & Tatum, W. O. (2019). Normal EEG variants. Handbook of clinical neurology, 160, 143-160.
Mohajan, H. K. (2020). Quantitative research: A successful investigation in natural and social sciences. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 9(4), 50-79.
Moreira, F., Ferreira, M. J., Pereira, C. S., Escudero, D. F., Collazos, C., & Gomes, A. (2021). Higher education teacher training (HET2) model: Active learning in a higher education environment. World Conference on Information Systems and Technologies,
Mweshi, G. K., & Sakyi, K. (2020). Application of sampling methods for the research design. Archives of Business Review–Vol, 8(11).
Nakamura, N. (2022). Theoretical Framework for Musical Mnemonics Interventions Addressing Verbal Memory University of Kansas].
Newton, D. P. (2022). A practical guide to teaching science in the secondary school. Taylor & Francis.
Ni, L. B., & Hassan, N. A. B. (2019). The use of mnemonics and mathematical mnemonic methods in improving historical understanding. International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences, 13(2), 93-97.
Norton, S. A. (2023). Storytelling in the Classroom: How Mnemonics Impact Memory Spalding University].
Olaniyan, A. O. (2022). Assessing Novice Preservice Physics Teachers' Conceptual Knowledge of Mechanical Waves. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovations (IJRSI), 9(12), 85-93.
Orru, G., & Longo, L. (2019). The evolution of cognitive load theory and the measurement of its intrinsic, extraneous and germane loads: a review. Human Mental Workload: Models and Applications: Second International Symposium, H-WORKLOAD 2018, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 20-21, 2018, Revised Selected Papers 2,
Papanastasiou, G., Drigas, A., Skianis, C., Lytras, M., & Papanastasiou, E. (2019). Virtual and augmented reality effects on K-12, higher and tertiary education students' twenty-first century skills. Virtual Reality, 23, 425-436.
Qureshi, M. A., Khaskheli, A., Qureshi, J. A., Raza, S. A., & Yousufi, S. Q. (2023). Factors affecting students' learning performance through collaborative learning and engagement. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(4), 2371-2391.
Radovic, T., & Manzey, D. (2019). The impact of a mnemonic acronym on learning and performing a procedural task and its resilience toward interruptions. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 2522.
Rodrigues, A. L. (2020). Digital technologies integration in teacher education: the active teacher training model. Journal of e-learning and knowledge society, 16(3), 24-33.
Rodriguez Sabiote, C., Ubeda-Sanchez, A. M., Alvarez-Rodriguez, J., and Alvarez-Ferrandiz, D. (2020). Active learning in an environment of innovative training and sustainability. Mapping of the conceptual structure of research fronts through a bibliometric analysis. Sustainability, 12(19), 8012.
Roe, Y., Wojniusz, S., & Bjerke, A. H. (2022). The digital transformation of higher education teaching: four pedagogical prescriptions to move active learning pedagogy forward. Frontiers in Education,
Roheger, M., Folkerts, A.-K., Krohm, F., Skoetz, N., & Kalbe, E. (2020). Prognostic factors for changes in memory test performance after memory training in healthy older adults: a systematic review and outline of statistical challenges. Diagnostic and Prognostic Research, 4(1), 1-23.
Rouse, J. (2019). Articulating the world: Conceptual understanding and the scientific image. University of Chicago Press.
Rumsey, F. (2021). Sound and recording: applications and theory. Routledge.
Rusdiyanto, E., Munawir, A. (2023). New Built Land Threat of Martapura River – Implementation of Environmental Sustainability in Banjarmasin City, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 24(5), 276-287. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/161759
Siagian, D. T., Maida, N., Irianto, D. M., & Sukardi, R. R. (2023). The Effectiveness of Mnemonic Device Techniques in Improving Long-Term Memory in Learning in Elementary Schools: A Literature Review. Equator Science Journal, 1(1), 24-30.
Skulmowski, A., & Xu, K. M. (2022). Understanding cognitive load in digital and online learning: A new perspective on extraneous cognitive load. Educational psychology review, 34(1), 171-196.
Smith, C., & Gillespie, M. (2023). Research on professional development and teacher change: Implications for adult basic education. In Review of Adult Learning and Literacy, Volume 7 (pp. 205-244). Routledge.
Soland, K. (2022). Does loudness represent sound intensity? Synthese, 200(2), 100.
Sommeillier, R., Quinlan, K. M., & Robert, F. (2021). Domain of validity framework: a new instructional theory for addressing students' preconceptions in science and engineering. Studies in Science Education, 57(2), 205-239.
Sperber, D. (2019). Instincts or gadgets? Not the debate we should be having. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 42.
Steiglitz, K. (2020). Digital Signal Processing Primer. Dover Courier Publications.
Stinken-Rosner, L., Rott, L., Hundertmark, S., Baumann, T., Menthe, J., Hoffmann, T., Nehring, A., & Abels, S. (2020). Thinking inclusive science education from two perspectives: Inclusive pedagogy and science education. Research in Subject-matter Teaching and Learning (RISTAL), 3(1), 30-45.
Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive science, 12(2), 257-285.
Szollosi, A., & Racsmany, M. (2020). Enhanced mnemonic discrimination for emotional memories: the role of arousal in interference resolution. Memory & cognition, 48, 1032-1045.
Theobald, E. J., Hill, M. J., Tran, E., Agrawal, S., Arroyo, E. N., Behling, S., Chambwe, N., Cintron, D. L., Cooper, J. D., & Dunster, G. (2020). Active learning narrows achievement gaps for underrepresented students in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(12), 6476-6483.
Tomczak, E., & Lew, R. (2019). The song of words: Teaching multi-word units with songs. 3L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 25(4), 16-33.
Tullis, J. G., & Qiu, J. (2022). Generating mnemonics boosts recall of chemistry information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 28(1), 71.
Vollebregt, B. R. (2020). The effect of training in equipment use on science teachers' PCK about the wave concept University of Pretoria].
Wanner, P., Cheng, F.-H., & Steib, S. (2020). Effects of acute cardiovascular exercise on motor memory encoding and consolidation: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 116, 365-381.
Webster, O. (1966). Read well and remember: a guide to faster, more efficient reading. (No Title).
Weinberger, N., & Merhav, N. (2022). The DNA storage channel: Capacity and error probability bounds. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 68(9), 5657-5700.
Whiting, J. K., Berardi, M. L., Vaughn, A. B., Vongsawad, C. T., Neilsen, T. B., Anderson, B. E., & Gee, K. L. (2022). Sounds to silence: An acoustic outreach show. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 152(2), 835-850.
Williams, J. J. (2022). The Use of Musical Mnemonic Devices in the Aid of Short-Term and Long-Term Memory Recall Indiana State University].
Xi, X., Teng, H., Chen, Z., & Yang, P. (2022). Effects of longitudinal disturbances on two-dimensional detonation waves. Physical Review Fluids, 7(4), 043201.
Xie, H., Mayer, R. E., Wang, F., & Zhou, Z. (2019). Coordinating visual and auditory cueing in multimedia learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 111(2), 235

Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Tomas Shivolo

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Content Licensing, Copyright, and Permissions
1. License
International Journal of Research in STEM Education has CC-BY NC or an equivalent license as the optimal license for the publication, distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly work for non-commercial purposes. The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons License
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by the stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User Rights
The International Journal of Research in STEM Education's objective is to disseminate articles published as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, this journal permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work for non-commercial purposes only. Users will also need to attribute authors and this journal on distributing works in the journal.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
Copyright, and proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
The right to use the substance of the article in future own works, including lectures and books, The right to reproduce the article for own purposes, The right to self-archive the article, the right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal (International Journal of Research in STEM Education).
The author has a non-exclusive publishing contract with a publisher, and the work is published with a more restrictive license, the author retains all the rights to publish the work elsewhere, including commercially, because she/he is not subject to the conditions of her / his own license, regardless of the type of CC license chosen.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or International Journal of Research in STEM Education at two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of the International Journal of Research in STEM Education.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by This agreement can be terminated by the author or International Journal of Research in STEM Education upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of the International Journal of Research in STEM Education or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
International Journal of Research in STEM Education will publish the article (or have it published) in the journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and the International Journal of Research in STEM Education or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. International Journal of Research in STEM Education may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing, and usage that it deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible, and such access will be free of charge for the readers.