School Principal Administrative-Supervisory Leadership During the Pandemic: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31098/ijtaese.v5i1.1208Keywords:
COVID-19 pandemic, school principals, leadershipAbstract
This qualitative study aims to explore the administrative-supervisory leadership experiences and perspectives of fifteen (15) school principals in the Division of Toledo City, Cebu, DepEd Region VII, during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The research utilized a descriptive phenomenological approach, which involved face-to-face semi-structured interviews, observation notes, and documentation. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data in six steps, including familiarization, coding, creating themes, reviewing themes, defining and naming themes, and creating a report. The findings of the study revealed that principals faced various challenges during the pandemic crisis, including maintaining the continuity of learning, ensuring the safety of students and teachers, managing resources, and supporting the well-being of school personnel. Despite these challenges, the principals demonstrated strong leadership skills by adapting to the situation, collaborating with stakeholders, and implementing innovative strategies. The study's limitations include a small sample size and a specific geographic location, which limits the generalizability of the findings. This study contributes to the understanding of how school principals experience and navigate leadership during a crisis, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The practical implications of this study suggest that school leaders should prioritize collaboration and adaptability in crisis management, support the well-being of school personnel, and implement innovative strategies to address challenges. The study's novelty lies in its application of a phenomenological approach to explore the subjective experiences of school principals during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.
References
Abu Mostafa, Y., Salama, A. A., Abu Amuna, Y. M., & Aqel, A. (2021). The Role of Strategic Leadership in Activating Time Management Strategies to Enhance Administrative Creativity Skills. International Journal of Academic Management Science Research (IJAMSR) Vol, 5, 36-48.
Alhassani, A. A. (2022). Students' Staying and Supportive Intentions at Federal Higher Education Institutions in the United Arab Emirates (Doctoral dissertation, The British University in Dubai (BUiD)).
Allen, E. A., Stewart, M., & Jeney, P. (1964). The Efficiency of Post-Sanatorium Management of Tuberculosis: A STUDY OF ONE THOUSAND TUBERCULOUS PATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM SANATORIA IN ONTARIO. Canadian Journal of Public Health/Revue Canadienne de Sante'e Publique, 323-333.
Al–Khateeb, A. A., Beirat, M. A., & Alshurman, W. (2021). The Effectiveness Of A Training Program To Develop The Level Of Educational Competencies For Teachers Of Kindergarten Children With Integrated Autism Spectrum Disorder In Jordan. Multicultural Education, 7(6).
Amin, A., & Thrift, N. (Eds.). (2008). The Blackwell cultural economy reader. John Wiley & Sons.
Arnold, R. D., & Wade, J. P. (2015). A definition of systems thinking: A systems approach. Procedia computer science, 44, 669-678.
Bellamy, R. (2008). Evaluating Union citizenship: belonging, rights and participation within the EU. Citizenship studies, 12(6), 597-611.
Bose, D. C. (2012). Principles of management and administration. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd..
Chamberlain, A. W., Gricius, M., Wallace, D. M., Borjas, D., & Ware, V. M. (2018). Parolee–parole officer rapport: Does it impact recidivism?. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 62(11), 3581-3602.
Daft, R. L. (2015). Management. Cengage Learning.
Ericson, R., Barry, D., & Doyle, A. (2000). The moral hazards of neo-liberalism: lessons from the private insurance industry. Economy and society, 29(4), 532-558.
Fatimah, H., Gazi, M. A., & Saedah, S. (2010). Information and communication technology for participatory based decision-making-E-management for administrative efficiency in Higher Education. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 5(4), 383-392.
Funderburk, K. (2021). School Leaders as Organizational Leaders: Transforming Student Outcomes Through Effective Leadership (Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University).
Gabrielle, B., Bamière, L., Caldes, N., De Cara, S., Decocq, G., Ferchaud, F., ... & Richard, G. (2014). Paving the way for sustainable bioenergy in Europe: technological options and research avenues for large-scale biomass feedstock supply. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 33, 11-25.
Gardner, J. (1993). On leadership. Simon and Schuster.
Goodwin, P., & Wright, G. (2010). The limits of forecasting methods in anticipating rare events. Technological forecasting and social change, 77(3), 355-368.
Jalagat, R. (2017). Determinants of job stress and its relationship on employee job performance. American Journal of Management Science and Engineering, 2(1), 1-10.
Kerry, T. (2005). Towards a typology for conceptualizing the roles of teaching assistants. Educational Review, 57(3), 373-384.
Lawrence, G., Ahmed, F., Cole, C., & Johnston, K. P. (2020). Not more technology but more effective technology: Examining the state of technology integration in EAP programmes. RELC Journal, 51(1), 101-116.
Lorinkova, N. M., Pearsall, M. J., & Sims Jr, H. P. (2013). Examining the differential longitudinal performance of directive versus empowering leadership in teams. Academy of Management Journal, 56(2), 573-596.
Mahardianingtyas, S., Safitra, D. A., & Agustio, A. (2019, July). A Blue Economy for Better Economic Development: A Case Study of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. In Asia Pacific Business and Economics Conference (APBEC 2018) (pp. 165-173). Atlantis Press.
McNamara, D. E. (2009). From Fayols mechanistic to todays organic functions of management. American Journal of Business Education (AJBE), 2(1), 63-78.
Nikezic, S., & Nikezic, S. (2021). Emotional Intelligence of Leaders: The Paradigm of Building Success. No. 32 Int'l J. Econ. & L., 11, 1.
Nwogu, E. (2012). Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems in Educational Systems: A case of Yaba College of Technology.
Paton, N. I., Musaazi, J., Kityo, C., Walimbwa, S., Hoppe, A., Balyegisawa, A., ... & Kambugu, A. (2021). Dolutegravir or darunavir in combination with zidovudine or tenofovir to treat HIV. New England Journal of Medicine, 385(4), 330-341.
Peca, K. (2000). Critical Educational Administration: Research, Theory, and Practice.
Phongphanit, T. (2019). Instructional management and stress factors affecting teacher trainers as perceived by the educational leaders of Laos (Doctoral dissertation, szte).
Ramsden, P. (1998). Managing the effective university. Higher education research & development, 17(3), 347-370.
Reif, A. E., & Allen, J. M. (1964). The AKR thymic antigen and its distribution in leukemias and nervous tissues. The Journal of experimental medicine, 120(3), 413-433.
Saulpic, O., & Zarlowski, P. (2014). Management control research and the management of uncertainty: rethinking knowledge in management. In Management control and uncertainty (pp. 207-223). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Sasan, J. M. V. (2021). The Social Contract Theories of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke: Comparative Analysis.
Sasan, J. M., & Baritua, J. C. Distance learning as a learning modality for education during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Sasan, J. M. V., & Kilag, O. K. Oplan Tabang: Church Driven Housing Project. Available at SSRN 4191501.
Sergiovanni, T. J. (1981). Symbolism in Leadership (What Great Leaders Know That Ordinary Ones Do Not).
Shayo, A. F. (2013). The Effects of Performance Appraisal System on Employees’ Performance in Tanzanian Community Radios: A Case of Selected Radios in Dar es Salaam (Doctoral dissertation, The Open University of Tanzania).
Tayebwa, E., Ssempala, F., & Nachuha, S. (2021). Utilization of teacher supervision tool in improving teachers’ effectiveness in secondary schools in the Rukungiri District-Uganda. International Journal of Educational Policy Research and Review.
Tian, H., Iqbal, S., Akhtar, S., Qalati, S. A., Anwar, F., & Khan, M. A. S. (2020). The impact of transformational leadership on employee retention: Mediation and moderation through organizational citizenship behavior and communication. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 314.
Tintoré, M., Cunha, R. S., Cabral, I., & Alves, J. J. M. (2022). A scoping review of problems and challenges faced by school leaders (2003–2019). Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 50(4), 536-573.
Tolici, D. (2021). Strategic management initiatives that promote organizational performance. Management dynamics in the knowledge economy, 9(2), 165-176.
Usman, Y. D. (2016). Educational Resources: An Integral Component for Effective School Administration in Nigeria. Online Submission, 6(13), 27-37.
Zepeda, S. J. (2014). The principal as instructional leader: A handbook for supervisors. Routledge.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Francisca T Uy, John Michael Sasan, Osias Kit Kilag
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Content Licensing, Copyright, and Permissions
1. License
International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education has CC-BY NC or an equivalent license as the optimal license for the publication, distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly work for non-commercial purpose. The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Creative Commons License
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User Rights
International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education objective is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, this journal permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work for non-commercial purposes only. Users will also need to attribute authors and this journal on distributing works in the journal.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
Copyright, and proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
The right to use the substance of the article in future own works, including lectures and books, The right to reproduce the article for own purposes, The right to self-archive the article, the right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal (International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education).
The author has a non-exclusive publishing contract with a publisher and the work is published with a more restrictive license, the author retains all the rights to publish the work elsewhere, including commercially, because she/he is not subject to the conditions of her / his own license, regardless of the type of CC license chosen.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education.ÂÂ
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by This agreement can be terminated by the author or International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education will publish the article (or have it published) in the journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing and usage that it deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers
